iindaba

Ngowona magama alula, iidayimani ezikhuliswe ilebhu ziidayimani ezenziwe ngabantu endaweni yokwembiwa emhlabeni.Ukuba ilula kakhulu, unokuzibuza ukuba kutheni kukho inqaku elipheleleyo ngezantsi kwesi sivakalisi.Ubunzima buvela kwinto yokuba amagama amaninzi ahlukeneyo asetyenzisiwe ukuchaza iidayimani ezikhuliswe elebhu kunye nabazala babo, kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu osebenzisa la magama ngendlela efanayo.Ngoko ke, makhe siqale ngesigama esithile.

Ukwenziwa.Ukuqonda eli gama ngokuchanekileyo sisitshixo esivula wonke lo mbuzo.I-Synthetic inokuthetha i-artificial okanye inkohliso.I-synthetic isenokuthetha ukwenziwa komntu, ukukhutshelwa, okungeyonyani, okanye kwanokulinganisa.Kodwa, kulo mongo, sithetha ukuthini xa sisithi “idayimani yokwenziwa”?

Kwihlabathi le gemological, i-synthetic ligama lobugcisa obuphezulu.Xa uthetha ngobuchwephesha, iigem zokwenziwa ziikristale ezenziwe ngabantu kunye nesakhiwo sekristale esifanayo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali njengegugu elithile elenziwayo.Ngoko ke, "i-diamond yokwenziwa" inesakhiwo esifanayo sekristale kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali njengedayimane yendalo.Okufanayo akunakutshiwo ngokulinganisa okuninzi okanye amatye anqabileyo ahlala, ngokungachanekanga, achazwa njengedayimani zokwenziwa.Oku kumelwa kakubi kuye kwabhida kakhulu ukuba igama elithi “synthetic” lithetha ukuthini, kwaye yiyo loo nto uninzi lwabavelisi bedayimani ezenziwe ngabantu bekhetha igama elithi “ilebhu ekhulisiweyo” kune “yokwenziwa.”

Ukuze uqonde oku ngokupheleleyo, kuyanceda ukuqonda kancinane malunga nendlela iidayimani ezikhuliswe kwilebhu zenziwa ngayo.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokukhulisa iidayimani zekristale enye.Eyokuqala kunye neyona indala bubuChwephesha obuPhezulu obuPhezulu (HPHT).Le nkqubo iqala ngembewu yemathiriyeli yedayimani kwaye ikhulise idayimani epheleleyo njengoko indalo isenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nobushushu.

Eyona ndlela intsha yokukhulisa iidayimani zokwenziwa bubuchule beChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).Kwinkqubo ye-CVD, igumbi lizaliswe ngumphunga ocebile ngekhabhoni.Iiathom zekhabhon zitsalwa kuyo yonke irhasi kwaye zifakwe kwisiqwenga sekristale yedayimani eseka ubume bekristale njengoko ilitye elinqabileyo likhula umaleko ngokwemaleko.Unokufunda ngakumbi malungazenziwa njani idayimani elebhuukusuka kwinqaku lethu eliphambili kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuthatha ngoku kukuba zombini ezi nkqubo zibuchwephesha obuphezulu kakhulu obuvelisa iikristale ezinobume bekhemikhali obuchanekileyo kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo njengedayimani zendalo.Ngoku, makhe sithelekise iidayimani ezikhuliswe ilebhu kwezinye zamatye anqabileyo onokuthi uve ngawo.

ILab eKhulisiweyo iiDayimani xa ithelekiswa nezifanisi zeDayimane

Kunini apho i-synthetic ingeyokwenziwa?Impendulo xa iyifanisi.Izinto zokulinganisa zizinto ezinqabileyo ezikhangeleka njenge gem yokwenyani, yendalo kodwa eneneni yenye imathiriyeli.Ngoko, isafire ecacileyo okanye emhlophe ingaba yidayimane yokulinganisa ngenxa yokuba ibonakala njengedayimane.Ukuba isafire emhlophe ingaba yendalo okanye, nantsi iqhinga, isafire yokwenziwa.Isitshixo ekuqondeni umba simulant hayi indlela gem (yendalo vs zokwenziwa), kodwa ukuba indawo ebonakala njengenye gem.Ke, sinokuthi isafire emhlophe eyenziwe ngumntu "yisafire yokwenziwa" okanye inokusetyenziswa njenge "diamond simulant," kodwa kuya kuba yinto engalunganga ukuthi "yidayimani yokwenziwa" kuba ayenzi. zinesakhiwo sekhemikhali esifanayo nedayimani.

Isafire emhlophe, ithengiswe kwaye ibhengezwe njengesafire emhlophe, isafire.Kodwa, ukuba isetyenziswe endaweni yedayimani, ifana nedayimane yokulinganisa.Amatye anqabileyo afanayo, kwakhona, azama ukulinganisa enye i-gem, kwaye ukuba ayivezwanga ngokucacileyo njengezinto zokulinganisa zithathwa njengezomgunyathi.Isafire emhlophe ayikho, ngokwemvelo, inkohliso (enyanisweni iyinto enhle kwaye ixabiseke kakhulu).Kodwa ukuba ithengiswa njengedayimani, iba yeyenkohliso.Uninzi lwabalinganisi be-gem bazama ukuxelisa iidayimane, kodwa kukho kwakhona ukulinganisa kwamanye amatye anqabileyo axabisekileyo (iisafire, iirubhi, njl.).

Nazi ezinye zeemodeli zedayimani ezidumileyo.

• I-Synthetic Rutile yaziswa ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1940 kwaye yasetyenziswa njengedayimani yokuqala yokulinganisa.
• Okulandelayo kumdlalo wedayimani owenziwe ngumntu yiStrontium Titanate.Esi sixhobo saba sisifaniso sedayimane esithandwayo kwi-1950s.
• I-1960 yazisa ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezimbini zokulinganisa: I-Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) kunye neGadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG).Zombini zizinto zedayimani ezenziwe ngabantu.Kubalulekile ukuphinda apha kwakhona ukuba ngenxa yokuba impahla ingasetyenziselwa njengedayimane yokulinganisa ayikwenzi "inkohliso" okanye into embi.I-YAG, umzekelo, yikristale eluncedo kakhulu elele entliziyweni yethulaser welder.
• Eyona fani yedayimane idumileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yiCubic Zirconia yokwenziwa (CZ).Kutshiphu ukuvelisa kwaye imenyezela ngokuqaqambileyo.Ingumzekelo omhle welitye elinqabileyo elenziwe yidayimane yokulinganisa.Ii-CZs zikholisa kakhulu, ngempazamo, zibizwa ngokuba ziidayimani zokwenziwa.
• I-Synthetic Moissanite nayo idala ukudideka.Lilitye elinqabileyo elenziwe ngumntu, elenziweyo elineempawu ezifana nedayimani.Umzekelo, iidayimani zilunge ngakumbi ekugqithiseni ubushushu, kwaye kunjalo ke iMoissanite.Oku kubalulekile kuba abona bavavanyi bedayimani abadumileyo basebenzisa ukusasazwa kobushushu ukuvavanya ukuba ilitye elinqabileyo yidayimani.Nangona kunjalo, i-Moissanite inesakhiwo seekhemikhali esahluke ngokupheleleyo kunedayimane kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-optical.Umzekelo, i-Moissanite iphindwe kabini ngelixa idayimani i-single-refractive.

Ekubeni iimvavanyo ze-Moissanite ezifana nedayimane (ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokusabalalisa ukushisa), abantu bacinga ukuba idayimane okanye idayimane yokwenziwa.Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ingenayo i-crystal structure okanye i-chemical composition ye-diamond, ayiyona idayimani yokwenziwa.I-Moissanite sisifaniso sedayimani.

Kusenokuba kuyacaca okwangoku ukuba kutheni igama elithi “synthetic” libhida kangaka kulo mongo.NgeMoissanite sinelitye elinqabileyo elenziweyo elijongeka kwaye lisebenza kakhulu njengedayimane kodwa akufuneki kubhekiselwe kuyo njenge "dayimane yokwenziwa."Ngenxa yoku, kunye noninzi lweshishini lezacholo, sikholisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "idayimani ekhuliswe ilebhu" ukubhekisa kwidayimani yokwenziwa yokwenyani eyabelana ngeempawu zeekhemikhali ezifanayo njengedayimani yendalo, kwaye sihlala siliphepha igama elithi "synthetic". idayimani” xa kujongwa ukuba kungakanani ukubhideka enokuyidala.

Kukho enye ifani yedayimane eyenza ukudideka okukhulu.Amatye anqabileyo eDayimane agqunywe ngeCubic Zirconia (CZ) aveliswa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo beChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) obusetyenziswa ukuvelisa idayimani ezikhuliswe elebhu.Ngee-CZ ezigqunywe ngedayimani, umaleko obhityileyo kakhulu wemathiriyeli yedayimani eyenziweyo yongezwa ngaphezulu kwe-CZ.Amasuntswana edayimane enanocrystalline amalunga nama-30 ukuya kuma-50 kuphela ubukhulu benanometer.Oko kumalunga nama-30 ukuya kuma-50 ama-athomu ubukhulu okanye i-0.00003mm.Okanye, ukuba kunokuthiwa, ubhityile kakhulu.I-CVD idayimani egqunywe iCubic Zirconia ayizodayimani zokwenziwa.Bazukisiwe Cubic Zirconia diamond simulants kuphela.Abanabo ubunzima obufanayo okanye ubume bekristale bedayimani.Njengeeglasi zamehlo, idayimani yeCVD egqunywe yiCubic Zirconia inedayimane ebhityileyo kakhulu yokwaleka kuphela.Nangona kunjalo, oku akuvimbeli abanye abathengisi abanganyanisekanga ekubizeni iidayimani zokwenziwa.Ngoku, uyazi ngcono.

IiDayimani zaseLab eziKhulisiweyo zithelekiswa neeDayimane zeNdalo

Ke, ngoku siyazi ukuba iidayimani ezikhuliswe ilebhu aziyiyo, lixesha lokuba sithethe malunga nokuba ziyintoni na.Ngaba iidayimani ezikhuliswe ilebhu zithelekiswa njani nedayimani yendalo?Impendulo isekelwe kwinkcazelo yokwenziwa.Njengoko sifundile, idayimani yokwenziwa inokwakheka kwekristale kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali njengedayimane yendalo.Ngoko ke, zikhangeleka njengelitye lendalo elinqabileyo.Zimenyezela ngokufanayo.Banobunzima obufanayo.Ecaleni, iidayimani ezikhuliswe ilebhu zijongeka kwaye zisebenze njengedayimani zendalo.

Umahluko phakathi kwedayimani yendalo kunye nelebhu ekhuliswe kwidayimani isuka kwindlela ezenziwe ngayo.ILab ikhule idayimani yenziwe ngumntu elebhu ngelixa idayimani zendalo zidalwe emhlabeni.Indalo ayiyondawo elawulwayo, eyinyumba, kwaye iinkqubo zendalo ziyahluka kakhulu.Ngoko ke, iziphumo azigqibelelanga.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokufakwa kunye neempawu zesakhiwo ukuba indalo yenze igugu elinikiweyo.

Iidayimani ezikhule kwiLab, kwelinye icala, zenziwe kwindawo elawulwayo.Baneempawu zenkqubo elawulwayo engafaniyo nendalo.Ngaphezu koko, imigudu yabantu ayifezekanga yaye ishiya ezabo iintsilelo nezinto ezibonisa ukuba abantu benza ilitye elinqabileyo.Iindidi zokufakwa kunye neenguqu ezifihlakeleyo kwi-crystal structure yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokwahlula phakathi kwelebhu ekhulile kunye nedayimane yendalo.Unokufunda ngakumbi malungaindlela yokuxelela ukuba idayimani ikhuliswe elebhuokanye ngokwendalo kwinqaku lethu eliphambili ngalo mbandela.

FJUUdidi:ILab ikhule idayimani